Recent Developments in EV Charging Infrastructure: Opportunities and IoE Framework Challenges

Abstract

The increasing demand for environmentally sustainable modes of transportation has resulted in the widespread adoption of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, which has created significant challenges for car manufacturers and researchers globally. These challenges include the high cost of battery energy storage, limited EV range, battery lifespan, and the cost of deploying fast charging infrastructure. EV charging systems can be classified into three levels based on the output power and charging time. Furthermore, there are three types of charging systems available: inductive recharging (contactless power transfer), conductive charging systems, and battery swapping. Moreover, hydrogen-based fuel cell electric vehicles are currently undergoing extensive research and development in both academic and industrial sectors. This paper presents a detailed account of the prototype equipment and its instrumentation, along with the results of the system characterization. Furthermore, the prospects of wireless power transfer technology are deliberated upon in light of various technical and economic challenges that need to be addressed. The feasibility of integrating this technology into future road infrastructure is also examined. Finally, the paper concludes by outlining future research and demonstration steps that need to be taken to advance the technology.