Climate Change: Key Contributors and Sustainable Solutions

Abstract

Climate change, driven by both natural and anthropogenic factors, represents one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century. The primary contributors to climate change include greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes, as well as natural events like volcanic eruptions and variations in solar radiation. Among these, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) are the most significant greenhouse gases, with their rising concentrations in the atmosphere intensifying the greenhouse effect and contributing to global warming. This paper explores the key drivers of climate change and examines the wide-ranging environmental, social, and economic impacts. In response to these challenges, the paper also reviews sustainable solutions, including the transition to renewable energy, improvements in energy efficiency, carbon capture technologies, reforestation, and sustainable agricultural practices. The potential for innovation in green technologies, along with policy frameworks that promote international cooperation and climate resilience, is discussed as a means to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Ultimately, addressing climate change requires a global, multi-faceted approach to reduce emissions, protect ecosystems, and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.